Diagram SOlution

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Friday, September 26, 2014

How to connect LCD Display on the Arduino using only 2 pins

Generally for connecting an LCD display to an Arduino using 7 strands, it usually breaks the leg that has any projects that remain few ports to be used. But there is a way, using an IC 74LS164 (8-bit serial shift register), a resistor and a diode, but its not just hardware, you have to use a library.

This Arduino library for connection of 2-wire or 3-wire using HD44780 compatible LCD display via shiftregisters. This circuit is considered "deprecated", but its worth testing.

LCD Display on the Arduino Circuit

Wednesday, February 26, 2014

The Gentle Touch Circuit Diagram

Consumer appliances these days hardly ever have a proper mains switch. Instead, appliances are turned on and off at the touch of a button on the remote control, just like any other function. This circuit shows how a device (as long as it does not draw too high a current) can be switched on and off using a pushbutton. The approach requires that a microcontroller is already available in the circuit, and a spare input port pin and a spare output port pin are required, along with a little software. When power is applied T1 initially remains turned off. When the button is pressed the gate of T1 is taken to ground and the p-channel power MOSFET conducts. The microcontroller circuit is now supplied with power. Within a short period the microcontroller must take output PB1 high. This turns on n-channel MOSFET T1 which in turn keeps T1 turned on after the push-button is released.

Now the microcontroller must poll the state of the push-button on its input port (PB0) at regular intervals. Immediately after switch-on it will detect that the button is pressed (a low level on the input port pin), and it must wait for the button to be released. When the button is next pressed the device must switch itself of f: to do this the firmware running in the microcontroller must set the output port pin to a low level. When the button is subsequently released T1 will now turn off and the supply voltage will be removed from the circuit.

The circuit itself draws no current in the off state, and for (rechargeable) battery-powered appliances it is therefore best to put the switch before the voltage regulator. For mains-powered devices the switch can also be fitted before the voltage regulator (after the rectifier and smoothing capacitor). Since there is no mains switch there will still be a small standby current draw in this case due to the transformer. Be careful not to exceed the maximum gate-source voltage specification for T1: the IRFD9024 device suggested can withstand up to 20 V. At lower voltages R2 can be replaced by a wire link; otherwise suitable values for the voltage divider formed by R1 and R2 must be selected.

Circuit diagram:

The Gentle Touch Circuit Diagram

The author has set up a small website for this project at http://reweb.fh-weingarten.de/elektor, which gives source code examples (which include dealing with pushbutton contact bounce) for AVR microcontrollers suitable for use with AVR Studio and GNU C. Downloads are also available at http://www.elektor.com.

Wednesday, February 5, 2014

Basic Principles of the LC resonance circuit

If so far you are still confused how the actual origin of the resonance between the capacitor and the inductor is in progress, then the simple circuit above will answer your confusion.

By understanding a simple electrical circuit above hopefully we will be able to understand the working principle of a series of more complicated and complex that uses the relationship as a series inductor and capacitors transmitter and receiver.

Note the picture above, when the switch SW1 is pressed and released back then obtained by the same signal as in the picture above signal. Initially when SW1 is connected to the voltage supply, the capacitor will make filling fast. Then when SW1 is released charge on the capacitor will be used by the inductor as the supply voltage. In accordance with the general nature of the inductor that the DC signal will be considered ordinary wire inductor such that current flowing quickly through the inductor and the charge on the capacitor decreases rapidly exhausted. Uniquely current that was flowing through the inductor and capacitor will fill the empty capacitor back through the other terminal (negative cycle). Charging kapasior place quickly, then inductor will burden the back so that emptying of cargo going back. That so happens repeatedly (resonance occurs between L and C) until the electrical charge had been used up by these two components in the form of power losses. Equations between regular wire inductor is the inductor with wire work as usual at the time of current flowing to him. Inductors But unlike ordinary wire when current flows to him and vice versa. So it will not happen short circuit if the inductor to get the supply voltage alternating current (AC). But in ordinary wire short circuit will still occur even if the voltage of alternating current.

From the above analysis we can conclude that the LC resonance occurs because one component part affected by the characteristics of other components. For frequencies generated depend on the value of L and C itself. The greater the value of both the frequency will be smaller and smaller the value of both the frequency value will be even greater.

Wednesday, December 18, 2013

Are the functional blocks of an amplifier

All power amplifiers come up with a power supply, an input stage, and an output stage. Many amplifiers have various protection facial appearance (quickly outlined over) which fall into a type I refer to so maintenance.

Power Supply Circuit

Power Supply: The primary intention of a power supply hip a power amplifier is to take the 120 VAC power from the outlet and convert it to a DC voltage (VAC is an abbreviation designed for Volts Alternating Current, and DC is an abbreviation for lead Current). Conversion from AC to DC is needed since the semiconductor diplomacy (transistors, FETs, MOSFETs, and the like.) used inside the equipment require this type of voltage. (By the way, FET stands in lieu of discipline Effect Transistor, and MOSFET stands for Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor). Many several types of power materials are used all the rage power amplifiers, but in the stop they all basically goal to generate DC voltage representing the transistor circuits of the item. The very paramount of amplifiers give rise to two perfectly unconstrained power stores, solitary for both channel (they fix share a general AC power cord though). really outstanding amplifiers self-control too have a separate (or else by the side of slightest disjointedly regulated) power supply intended for the input stage (folks circuits with the aim of do not really drive the amp). Under difficult load, the power supply voltage inside to the amp can drop (and this can advance to distortion). By having a separate power supply in favor of the hint level signals into the amplifier, the distortion added by a drooping power supply is held in reserve away of all but the final (output) stage.

Input stage: The broad-spectrum aim of the input stage of a power amplifier (now and again called the "front closing stages") is to receive and cook the input signals in favor of "amplification" by the output stage. largely specialist quality amplifiers receive various input connectors; typically they self-control have XLR inputs, “quarter creep" inputs, and now and again a clear-cut terminal strip input (although these keep an eye on to be there found on amplifiers intended primarily in favor of in the public domain take up systems). XLR and on the whole quarter edge your way inputs are balanced inputs (seeing that compared to single ended inputs). Balanced inputs are much preferred on single ended inputs what time interconnection cables are extended and/otherwise specialty to noisy electrical environments for the reason that they provide very worthy sound rejection. The input stage besides contains things like input level controls. approximately amplifiers suffer facilities representing "plug participating in" modules (such in the same way as filters); these too are grouped into the input stage.

Output stage: The output stage of an amplifier is the portion which truly converts the weak input motion into a much other powerful "replica" which is competent of driving sky-scraping power to a amp. This portion of the amplifier typically uses a total of "power transistors" (before MOSFETs) and is too mature in support of generating the the largest part intensity inside the entity (if not the amplifier happens to come up with a very bad power supply design, in which legal action it too generates a portion of heat). The output stage of an amplifier interfaces to the speakers.

Thursday, December 12, 2013

Solving the problem on tv tuner

Tv tuner serves as the catcher signals from the antenna. Damage tuner, among others:

1. Image does not exist and there is no sound, raster speckled thick.

2. No picture no sound, or otherwise.

3. Channel switching the channel itself.

4. Image blocking white or blue.

How to check the tuner and the IF is to remove the tuner from the PCB and connected by cable to the IF path, BM and Ground, then prepared using the pin on the tuner. Then the television was turned on, the antenna is connected to the antenna socket, and RV or potensio rotated slowly to choose the television channel when the tuner is in normal condition, the signal from the antenna to be acceptable, the picture and sound, and the channels do not move themselves. To damage its own channel switch and checked the normal manner stated above, the location of damage on the section of the program.

Friday, December 6, 2013

Parts of the UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply

Uninterruptible Power Supply

UPS is basically composed of three main components, namely:

1) Rectifier-Charger

This section is used to transfer circuit and battery charging. Rectifier-charger circuit block is going to supply the power needed by the inverter under full load and at that time to maintain the charge in the battery. Besides these blocks must have the ability to drain the power output of 125-130%.

Characteristics of the batteries also need to be taken into account in its charger circuit design because if a rechargeable battery with a current that exceeds the capacity limit will be able to shorten the life of the battery. Usually for a battery charging current to the UPS is 80% of current conditions issued by the batteries at full load.

Limitation of a UPS system is good by the standards of NEMA - National

Electical Manufacturer Association - is able to provide 100% power continuously (continuous load) and 2 hours at 125% load without a decrease in performance (damage). The battery can still be categorized as unfit for use if the condition is still capable of providing 100% power for 1 hour if the time of filling for 8 hours (determined by the manufacturing

battery).

2) Inverter

The quality of the inverter is a determinant of the quality of power generated by a UPS system. Inverter function to change the DC voltage of the rectifier-charger circuit into AC voltage signal in the form of a sine wave formation and after going through the filter circuit. The resulting output voltage must be stable both voltage amplitude and frequency, low distortion, there are no voltage transients.

In addition, the inverter system needs a feedback circuit (feedback) and the regulator circuit to maintain constant voltage to be obtained.

3) Switch Shifters (Transfer switches)

Transfer switch is divided into two types, namely electromechanical and static. Electromechanical switch uses relays to get one of the supply voltage terminal and the other from the UPS system. Static switch system using semiconductor components, such as SCR.

The use of SCR would be better because of the removal operation is performed with the SCR takes only 3 to 4 ms, while the electromechanical switch is about 50 to 100 ms.

The use of UPS is done by connecting the UPS to the AC input and output PLN UPS to the load. Most UPS are used to supply the computer, because if the source of PLN suddenly dies, then the data being processed is not lost but is still in the back-up by UPS, so theres still time to save data.

Sunday, December 1, 2013

The damage Horizontal LG TV

Often find LG TV is switched off completely. After checking it Hor short TR / koslet so that all the inverter output voltage drop. Start with the appointment of TR page and check the voltage and turns back to normal. Do not always replace with a new TR because TR surely you will lose because they will surely be broken again, if immediate profits and normal life. After checking on the block capacitor Horizontal out that there was a rather plump and lifted it after it is dry there is no value of the capacitance.

LG TV

Capacitor is located on the collector TR Hor bypassed to ground which is parallel with the diode. For the slim LG 21 "inch typically use 2kV 183j (18n 2kV) for the black pearl 29" using 103j2kv (10N 2kV). After replacement of capacitor TSB and TR Hor who just started a TV and Direct TV was OK. ve Also found a balck pearl TV LG 29 "wide image conditions and so OSD is only half visible. As usual checks are still in the horizontal section. Initially thought to drive the FET TR Hor damaged and wide after being picked and measured FET turns out they will be still good. And start There seem damaged parts elco 250v1uf which already began to get puffy and after replacement image remains the same.

And start looking again whats so broken, and who seemed to actually see the disease as I get 600V 154J capacitor looks a little plump. C they will begin to lift and measure it with tester tester x100K and was not moving at all a sign of C is dry. They will begin to replace the capacitor, because it does not have the same C 204J 250V only that there had to be replaced eventually with this one. Begin with a TV and the picture was no longer visible widening is normally only about the width of the CM because it is not the same capacitor.

Then enter the service menu by pressing MENU on the panel and press 2 times hold MENU on the remote and add value HOR WIDE to fit the image width and by pressing OK on the remote to save the settings and press AV to exit.

Saturday, November 23, 2013

The Risks of Self Installation of your Auto Sound System

The risks of installing your own auto sound system may be greater than you realize. The fact is that there are people that are professionally trained in the installation and proper handling of these delicate sound systems for a reason. If it werent a difficult task they wouldnt be able to demand the rather hefty price tag that most installation centers charge. The problem is that mistakes can actually cost more than the installation. If you arent one hundred percent certain that you can handle the installation process alone it is best to leave it up to the experts.

To prove my point, I will give you my very own personal story of how auto sound system installations can go horribly (well, perhaps hilariously would be the better choice of words in my particular situation) of course. You see I wanted a CD player in my mini van about 13 years ago. This was back in the dark ages when these types of sound systems were still relatively new and on the cutting edge when it came to technology.

These types of auto sound systems were definitely not the norm as they are in todays cars. I was commuting 3 hours (round trip) each day at the time and some of the time was spent among the corn fields where there were no towers broadcasting radio signals anywhere nearby. Im sure you can see why I felt I needed a CD player. At any rate, my wonderful dear old dad installed my brand new car (well mini van) stereo for me and all seemed to be going well until we realized that the horn no longer worked and that in order to actually use the stereo, the headlights must be on (this was also before daytime running lights were the norm as well).

Now that youve finished laughing Im sure you can understand why I am a huge advocate for having professional handle issues of installation when it comes to auto sound systems. It isnt that my dad, whom I love dearly for the effort, was incompetent when it comes to technical matters, in fact, he is highly skilled in these sorts of things ordinarily, it is simply that car stereos are so terrible complicated that it takes more than merely reading a set of instructions in order to get the maximum effect from your installation endeavors.

I have heard horror stories, particularly related to in dash installations that have resulted in some people having to make serious and costly repairs to their cars in order to fix the damage inflicted by installations by those who either lacked the proper tools, proper training, or a little bit of both for installing auto sound systems. While some drivers dont spend all that much time in their vehicles on any given day there are many commuters who put many miles on their cars, trucks, or SUVs during the course of a week. For these drivers it is often very important that they have the best possible sound systems for their vehicles. They will rely on their stereos to find out about weather conditions, traffic tie-ups, news, and possibly even entertainment during their long drives. If sound and music plays an important role in your life, dont you deserve the best auto sound system possible?

Wednesday, November 20, 2013

The Importance of a Good Auto Sound System

If you spend a good deal of time in you car, and yes, the morning commute to work and the evening commute home each and every day definitely counts, you are probably more than slightly aware of the benefits of having a good auto sound system. Your sound system is your companion in your travels most of the time. Even those who have children often spend a great deal of time driving alone.

For those long and sometimes lonely miles your auto sound system is the voice of reason, the energetic beat, and the information that keeps you up on current events, weather forecasts, and what is going on in the world of the rich and famous. Even if you arent all that into music there is the wide and wonderful world of talk radio that keeps many of us informed and inflamed about issues that are important to us and causes which we feel passionately about.

The proper auto sound system affects the way we hear everything that comes through our radios. It doesnt really matter if you have the latest and greatest of subscription programs, XML programming, or even digital radio if your sound system is poor the quality of your programming will never reach your ears. Your sound system is the difference in standard sounds coming through your speakers and excellence making its way to your ears.

Contrary to popular belief however, you do not have to have the loudest sound system in order to have the best sound system. The truth of the matter is that once the music is so loud it ceases to sound like music and comes across to those inside and outside of your automobile more as noise than the wonderful music it may be in other circumstances. While there are many who enjoy the throbbing and jumping sounds that come from over emphasized bass, there is something to be said for an auto sound system that is well rounded and balanced. A good sound system will make all aspects of the music sound better and not just a certain few.

The important thing about sound systems arent the price that they command, the bass that they flaunt, or even the most minute details of the making and manufacturing of the sound system. The true beauty of a sound system lies in the fact that it should be music to your ears. You and you alone can choose the sound system that you like best as every person has different things they will listen for and enjoy in not only their music but also their sound systems. I love many different types of music and as a result will tend to listen to several different music genres as well as a stint of talk radio on several different systems and elect the one that sounds the best on the most of the music platforms and genres I prefer. I recommend a course of action similar to this to all who are interested in purchasing an auto sound system for their vehicle.

One thing that often gets overlooked is how much time we really spend in our vehicles in the course of a week. Most people pay very little time, money, or attention the particular stereos we put into our vehicles when in reality we spend nearly as much time each week listening to our auto sound systems as we do watching the televisions in our home. Music is all around us and it deeply affects and enhances our joys, our sorrows, even our romance. For those reasons, shouldnt we invest as much, if not more, time and energy in a great auto sound system as we do in a television for our homes?

By taking the time to get the perfect sound system for our vehicles when we first purchase our automobiles we will enjoy the maximum benefit our sound systems can provide. By enjoying our sound system, more people are willing to hang on to their vehicles longer which actually saves a great deal of money in the long run while also increasing your overall enjoyment of your time spent commuting to and from work each and every day.

Wednesday, November 13, 2013

A Pioneer In Their Own Right The Pioneer Car Stereo

Look at any good car stereo system and you’ll probably see a Pioneer car stereo unit plugged into the console. Alongside with quality speakers and a strong lineup of accessories like LCD panels and navigational devices, Pioneer products/Pioneer car stereos have earned a huge following the world over.

The Pioneer Company is a Tokyo-based corporation, and is one of the world leaders in digital entertainment products. The Pioneer Company was first founded in 1938 in Tokyo as a small radio and speaker repair shop business but today, they are recognized as a leader in technology advancements in the consumer electronics industry.

A Pioneer In Their Own Right: The Pioneer Car Stereo

The company is truly deserving of their name. They are respected for many innovations such as interactive cable TV, the Laser Disc player, developing the first Compact Disc player for the car and the first detachable face car stereo, DVD and DVD recording, plasma display, and organic electroluminescent display. Their strength in optical disc and display technology is complemented by its state-of-the-art software products and manufacturing capabilities.

Nowadays, Pioneer car stereo units are not just simple head units. A car stereo can easily be comprised of several items built into the console of the car. Hardware like navigational devices, DVD players with LCD panels, coupled with the standard array of compact disc, mp3 and cassette players now usually go together. One would be hard-pressed not to acquire all of these, as it is such a delight to see these units work harmoniously. But traditionally, a Pioneer car stereo unit is a head unit with a radio, cassette and cd player. No matter how bare-bones this might sound, anyone will surely be impressed with the sound quality and features a Pioneer car stereo can boot.

Something like the DEH-P90HDD Pioneer car stereo single CD player head unit. The DEH-P90HDD allows you to record CD Audio (from the unit itself or from a changer) onto a 10GB hard disc drive, which holds about 200 audio CDs (using ATRAC3 digital compression). Your CDs are recognized by the pre-installed Gracenote CDDB database, which includes auto-playlists that make finding a specific CD easy. This Pioneer car stereo unit can also play your MP3 CDs plus CD Audio, CD-RW, and CD-R discs. Also, the MagicGate Memory Stick player lets you play recorded Memory Stick tracks. The Organic EL display is easy to read and accepts image downloads, so you can customize its look. Built-in DSP offers a 13-band graphic EQ and a huge variety of tools. The DEH-P90HDD is XM Ready and provides a steering wheel remote.

If cassettes are your thing, the KEH-P4020 Pioneer car stereo cassette player head unit is a good product to choose. It is a full logic cassette system with multi-color display, 45Wx4 High Power, EEQ™ equalizer system, Tuner, IP-Bus System Control, flap face and has a detachable face security.

If you’re planning to buy a Pioneer car stereo unit, why not match it with a set of Pioneer speakers too? Pioneer car stereo has made another innovation in their REV Series speakers, which incorporates technological breakthroughs in their IASCA award-winning Premier Reference Series (PRS) speakers. Rev Series speakers boast Pioneer’s Kevlar Fiber Composite Cones, Soft-dome tweeters and Wave guides. Each speaker features a bright yellow cone and distinctive wave guides, plus a six-spoke grill with a titanium finish that simulates chrome wheels.

With all these impressive products, is it still a wonder why they call Pioneer car stereos “Pioneer”?