Diagram SOlution

Showing posts with label generator. Show all posts

Monday, October 20, 2014

Simple Function Generator Circuit Diagram using NE566

Simple circuit function generator that generates square wave and triangular or sawtooth. The frequency is determined by R and C1. For the sawtooth wave output is on pin 4 and the voltage of 6 V, while for the square wave output is on pin 3. The function generator circuit uses only one 566 and can be connected to output amplified audio. The frequency is set by potentiometer R2.

Function generator circuit using NE566 Circuit Diagram

Simple Bells Ring Generator Circuit Schematic

This circuit generates a dual-tone bells ringing similar to most door-bell units. It can be used in many applications other than door-bell. In the Notes below several options will be given in order to suit different needs. The circuit as shown in the diagram generates a "Ding-tone" when P1 is pressed and a "Dong-tone" when P1 is released. IC1D is the first-tone frequency generator and IC1F generates the second-tone.

Q2, Q5 and related components act as shape and decay controls of the two tones, trying to imitate as close as possible the bells sound. Their outputs are mixed (R7 & R13), filtered (C5) and boosted by a simple class-A audio amplifier (Q3 & Q4) in order to drive the loudspeaker. The amplifier is switched-on by Q1 when P1 is pressed, then is switched-off some seconds after P1 is released: this time-delay is fixed by C1 & R2. In this way the circuit will draw a negligible current when in stand-by mode.

Circuit diagram:

Bells Ring Generator Schematic Circuit Diagram

Parts:

R1,R3,R7,R9,R13_10K 1/4W Resistors
R2_______________1M5 1/4W Resistor
R4______________27K 1/4W Resistor
R5,R11__________47K 1/4W Resistors
R6,R12_________220K 1/4W Resistors
R8_______________2M2 1/4W Resistor
R10_____________33K 1/4W Resistor
C1_______________2µ2 25V Electrolytic Capacitor
C2______________47µF 25V Electrolytic Capacitor
C3,C8___________10µF 25V Electrolytic Capacitors
C4,C7___________10nF 63V Polyester Capacitors
C5,C6__________100nF 63V Polyester Capacitors
C9_______________4µ7 25V Electrolytic Capacitor
C10______________1µF 25V Electrolytic Capacitor
D1-D5_________1N4148 75V 150mA Diodes
IC1__________MC14106 or 40106 Hex Schmitt Inverter IC
Q1_____________BC337 45V 800mA NPN Transistor
Q2,Q3,Q5_______BC238 25V 100mA NPN Transistors
Q4 ____________BC327 45V 800mA PNP Transistor
PH______________Photo resistor (any type) (see Notes)
P1______________SPST Pushbutton (see Notes)
SW1_____________SPST Switch
SPKR____________8 Ohm Loudspeaker
B1______________3V Battery (two 1.5V AA or AAA cells in series etc.)
Parts added to optional modification:
R14____________220K 1/4W Resistor
R15______________1M 1/4W Resistor

Notes:

To obtain a "Ding-Dong" operation when pushing on P1, no matter when it is released, you must modify the circuit as shown in the frame placed at the low-right corner of the circuit diagram. D4 must be removed. C10 & R15 set the time-delay separating first and second tone.
To obtain a one-tone-only generator, wire the circuit as in the optional modification, making the following changes:
C9 = 100nF 63V Polyester Capacitor.
Omit R9 to R13 & R15; C7, C8 & C10; D2, D4, D5 & Q5.
Connect to negative supply pins 11 & 13 of IC1 and left open pins 10 & 12.
An amusing application of this circuit wired as in the original schematic, is to use a photo-resistor in place of P1, then placing the unit near the flashing lamps of your Christmas tree. A soft bell sound may be heard at switch-on and switch-off of the lamp chosen.
To obtain higher output power you may substitute R8, Q3 & Q4 with an audio amplifier IC like the LM386 or LM380. In this case power supply must be raised to 6 - 12V but at the same time R4 & R10 should be changed to adjust bell-tone frequencies.
Good tone frequencies are roughly 2000 and 1650Hz respectively.
When in stand-by mode, current drawing of the circuit is 200µA @ 3V supply: therefore SW1 can be omitted.

Source: Red Free Circuit Models

Friday, February 7, 2014

Three Phase Generator regulator

This regulator was designed for use with a generator with a higher output voltage. This type of generator can be found on some boats and on vehicles for the emergency services. They are really just an adapted version of the standard alternator normally found in cars. The field winding is connected to the 12 V (or 24 V) battery supply, whereas the generator winding is conﬁgured for the AC grid voltage (230 V or 115 V). This AC voltage now has to be kept stable via the 12 V ﬁeld winding. Although it’s perfectly possible to use a switching regulator for this, we deliberately chose to use the old and trusted 723.

Circuit diagram :

Regulator for Three-Phase Generator Circuit Diagram

The generator is a three-phase type, with the field winding rated for 12 VDC. The output voltage of the generator depends on its revs and the current through the field winding. Since the output voltage is relatively high, it is fed via opto-couplers to the 723, which is used in a standard conﬁguration. The output is fed via driver T1 to two 2N3055’s, connected in parallel, which sup-ply the current to the ﬁeld winding. In the prototype we used TLP620 opto-couplers. These are suitable for use with alternating voltages because they have two anti-parallel LEDs at the input. The regulation works quite well with these, with the output volt-age staying within a small range across a wide range of revs.

However, the sensitivity of the two internal LEDs can differ in this type of opto-coupler, since it’s not always possible to ensure during the manufacturing process that the distance between each LED and the phototransistor is exactly the same. For a more precise regulation it would be better to use two individual opto-couplers per phase, with the inputs connected in anti-parallel and the outputs connected in parallel.

In order to ensure that there is sufﬁcient isolation between the primary and secondary side you should make a cutout in the PCB underneath the middle of each opto-coupler. Instead of a BD136 for T1 you could also use a TIP32 or something similar. For T2 and T3 it’s better to use a type with a plastic casing, rather than a TO3 case.

http://www.ecircuitslab.com/2012/04/regulator-for-three-phase-generator.html

Monday, February 3, 2014

Long Interval Pulse Generator

A rectangular-wave pulse generator with an extremely long period can be built using only two components: a National Semiconductor LM3710 supervisor IC and a 100-nF capacitor to eliminate noise spikes. This circuit utilises the watchdog and reset timers in the LM3710.

The watchdog timer is reset when an edge appears on the WDI input (pin 4). If WDI is continuously held at ground level, there are not any edges and the watchdog times out. After an interval TB, it triggers a reset pulse with a duration TA and is reloaded with its initial value. The cycle then starts all over again. As a result, pulses with a period of TA + TB are present at the RESET output (pin 10).

Circuit diagram:

Long-Interval Pulse Generator Circuit Diagram

As can be seen from the table, periods ranging up to around 30 seconds can be achieved in this manner. The two intervals TA and TB are determined by internal timers in the IC, which is available in various versions with four different ranges for each timer. To obtain the desired period, you must order the appropriate version of the LM3710. The type designation is decoded in the accompanying table.

The reset threshold voltage is irrelevant for this particular application of the LM3710. The versions shown in bold face were available at the time of printing. Current information can be found on the manufacturer’s home page (www.national.com). The numbers in brackets indicate the minimum and maximum values of intervals TA and TB for which the LM3710 is tested. The circuit operates with a supply voltage in the range of 3–5 V.

Author: Gregor Kleine Copyright: Elektor Electronics

Saturday, December 7, 2013

Phone Ring Generator Using Switching Supply

Phone Ring Generator Using Switching Supply Circuit

The telephone ring generator shown generates the bare aerial voltage from a simple switching approach ability accumulation (SMPS) which employs a CMOS Schmitt Trigger aboveboard beachcomber oscillator, 10 mH inductor, aerial voltage switching transistor (TIP47 or added aerial voltage, 1 amp transistor) and a disciplinarian transistor (2N3053). The inductor should accept a low DC attrition of 1.5 ohms or less. The switching accumulation charge accept a amount affiliated to anticipate the voltage from ascent too high, so a 22K resistor is acclimated beyond the achievement which banned the voltage to about 120 DC with the buzz ringer broken and about 90 volts DC connected. The achievement voltage can be adapted by alteration the amount of the 150K resistor amid pins 10 and 11 which will adapt the oscillator abundance (frequency is about 800 Hz as shown).

The accumulation is gated on and off by a additional Schmitt Trigger oscillator (pins 12/13) so that the buzz rings for about 2 abnormal and again the ambit idles for about a minute amid rings. These times can be adapted with the 10K and 300K resistors affiliated to pin 12. The advance button apparent is acclimated to manually arena the phone. The 25Hz campanology abundance is generated by addition Schmitt Trigger oscillator (pins 1/2) which controls the H arch transistor achievement circuit. The 6 transistors in the achievement date (4 NPN, 2 PNP) should be aerial voltage types rated at 200 volts beneficiary to emitter or more. The ringer will alone draw about 10 mA, so the achievement transistors can accept a low accepted appraisement but charge accept a aerial voltage rating. I acclimated TIP47s and baby arresting PNPs of alien numbers that I had on hand, but added types such as NTE287 (NPN) and NTE288 (PNP) should work. Both accept a 300 volt C-E appraisement and amount about $0.95 from mail adjustment houses.

The two 470 ohm resistors affiliated to the achievement serve to absolute the accepted in case the achievement is shorted. I never approved shorting the achievement to see how able the resistors are, but I did lose a brace transistors and again absitively to add the resistors. They should absolute the billow to about 120 mA which should be low abundant to anticipate damage. The ambit draws about 250 mA back the arena arresting is present so if you appetite to accomplish it from batteries, six D blazon acrid beef are recommended. It apparently wont assignment with a baby 9 volt battery.

Wednesday, December 4, 2013

Auto Changeover from Generator to Mains Supply

Because of energy crisis Load shedding may be a common problem in several countries.. Sudden power fluctuations, surge and high voltage may spoil sophisticated household appliances like TV, VCR, VCP and music system. This circuit provides protection against these problems and automatically changes the power supply from Generator output to mains supply and also switches off the generator.

Circuit descriptions

This circuit is self explanatory. When lines supply voltage crosses the preset level, Zener diode ZD4 break down and thus transistor T2 conducts, T3 does not conduct, causing the relay to de-energise. Voltage surge at the time of power resumption is protected by the delay circuit around transistor T1.

All the portable petrol and kerosene generators have a connection from CDI. To stop the engine of the generator-set, this connection is to be grounded momentarily (through the switch). This lead is to be connected with the ground through the N/C point of the relay.

Auto Changeover from Generator to Mains Supply Circuit Diagram

Instead of the one transformer, two transformers are used in series to ensure better life of the unit. Value of capacitor C2 can be increased or decreased for the variation of delay time. A negative feedback resistance, R6 (15 K-ohm to 100 k-ohm) can be incorporated between transistor T3 and T4 to overcome the damage that could be caused by voltage fluctuations.

Parts List:

Resistors (all ¼-watt, ± 5% Carbon)

R1 = 10 Ω

R2 = 1 KΩ

R3 = 820 Ω

R4 = 57 KΩ
R5 = 47 Ω

R6 = (15 KΩ to 100 KΩ)

Capacitors

C1 = 100 µF/25V

C2 = 1000 µF/12V

C3 = 100 µF/18V

Semiconductors

T1 = BC147

T2, T3 = SL100

D1, D2 = 1N4001

D3 = 1N4007

ZD1 = 5.6V/400mW

ZD2 = 7.8V/400mW

Miscellaneous

X1, X2 = 230V AC primary to 12 V, 500mA secondary transformers

RL1 = 12V/450 Ω relay

Sunday, November 17, 2013

Alternating Square Pulse Generator

The generator circuit was designed to produce alternating square pulses with vibrations in different parts of the circuit.

4027 – a dual JK flip flop that has independent clock, set, and reset inputs for each flip flop used in toggle, register, and control functions due to its features such as capability of driving two low power TTL loads, logic edge clocked flip flop design, logic swing independent of fanout, toggle rate of 3 MHz at 5 Vdc, supply voltage range of 3 V to 6 V, protection of diodes on all inputs, noise immunity, and quiescent current of 2 nA at 5 Vdc. 4001 – a quad 2-input NOR gate integrated circuit, generally characterized by small fluctuation in voltage supply, very high impedance, outputs that can sink and source, one output can drive up to 50 inputs, high speed gate propagation time, high frequency, and low power consumption.

Alternating Square Pulse Generator Circuit Diagram

BC550 – an NPN general purpose transistor with low current and low voltage used for low noise stages in audio frequency equipment

The generator functions without distortion when it reaches 100 KHz. The square pulses are produced when the selector switch S1 is turned ON, which matches the output of Q3 at pin 7. The 5V pulse line is applied to J1 input, the signal is fed to T-flip flop IC1A through S2 which creates pulses indicated at half of the duration time where pin 2 handles the division of pulse frequency. The pulses are applied to IC2 pin 14 and IC3A input. IC2 acts as decimal counter with decode outputs where each entry produces HIGH on one of the outputs. From the initial pulse entry, the output of Q1 becomes HIGH while others are LOW. The second pulse entry causes HIGH output on Q2, and third entry applies on Q3. The same operation occurs for the succeeding pulse line entry, since the counter checks the number of pulses that passes the generator output.

The generator output stage is considered on levels where the driving stage of Q2 creates positive output voltage and the saturation of Q 3 in the cutoff region. Through the potentiometer, the signal is applied in the output of J2. Using the gates of IC3B-C-D, the sine wave or triangular wave can be changed to square pulses in the circuit input. The conversion is directly made from the command of S2. The switching can also be done by DIP switch S2. A suitable power supply or two NiCd batteries can maintain the circuit with the stabilization of voltage achieved by two Zener diodes.

R1-10= 10Kohm
R2= 47Kohm
R3= 22Kohm
R4-5= 18Kohm
R6-7= 4.7Kohm
R8= 1.2Kohm
R10= 100Kohm
R11-13= 470 ohm
R12= 1.5Kohm RV1= 1.2Kohm linear pot.
C1= 15pF ceramic
C2-3= 10nF 63V MKT
C4-5= 470uF 16V
C6= 1uF 63V MKT
D1-2= 5.1V 0.5W zener
D3-4= 1N4148
Q1-2= BC560C
Q3= BC550C IC1= 4027
IC2= 4027
IC3= 4001B
S1= switch DIL 10S
S2-3= 2X2 mini switch
LD1= LED
BATT= 9V Battery NiCd

The generation of square pulses can bring about plenty of usages by adjusting the input in digital circuits and controlling the frequencies of amplifiers, loudspeakers, rooms of hearings, and others. One popular application is in the camera flash temporal profile where square pulses act as a heating source in the photoflash technique. The amount of light emitted by an electronic flash is controlled by the shunted output of a pulse generator known as tailbiters where longer pulses are made with the biting off the tail of the impulse.